Alternative Methods to Generate High Pressure by Iteration in a High-Pressure Multichamber

ABSTRACT

A multistage ultra high pressure multichamber, have among which stages can be included pumps. A chamber has another chamber inside which also contain a pump or a pumping system towards the inside, where a third chamber is considered with its pumping system towards its interior successively the device is useful in making of ultra high pressure sinterized material parts, manufacture of parts made of new materials like synthetic diamond, manufacture of material for pharmaceutical products and hydrowasher using this new technique to increase its pressure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The state of the art considers the “diamond anvil cell “technique” which uses ultra or extreme high pressure at an experimental level, as the general condition generated by extreme high pressures reaches a very small volume, as the sample can be stored between two diamonds, one on top and the other on the bottom, surrounded by a foil. This is experimentally used to study semi-conductors, superconductors and the variety of characteristics presented by different material under extreme pressure conditions, it is also used to simulate the pressure conditions different materials are subject in the crust of the earth, also it is used in the manufacture of powdered diamond, etc.

The manufacture of sinterized components can also be mentioned. The material which makes the part is ground, it can be made of different compositions which are mixed, then they are placed in elements which act as molds and the subject to pressure. This has an inconvenient, that parts made of steel become porous, sacrificing the resistance as they have the serious limiting of pressure. It is also used with polymeric material for the manufacture of parts which are not subject to traction forces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Obtaining pressure via the interaction of elemental pumps is a new concept, by which any pressure can be obtained by interaction. Given a P1 pressure, which can be obtained from one pump, the system generates conditions in which in the P1 environment, with a new “motor” and “pump” P2 is obtained, which is higher than P1 and is stored in a No. 1 vial. Once vial 2 has attained pressure level P2, se operation is repeated with another pump which fills vial 3. The operation is repeated as many times as needed. It has to be considered that a vial within another vial inside another vial successively this can withstand any pressure, without being limited by the resistance of the material with which they are built.

Pressure can be used in the manufacture, without limitation, of ultra high pressure sinterized material parts, manufacture of parts made of new materials like synthetic diamond, manufacture of material for pharmaceutical products and hydrowasher using this new technique to increase its pressure.

The invention provides an elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED in that the pump actuates with the liquid of the chamber where it is stored and the motor lets the previous chamber escape generating or liberating energy of the liquid which passes from high pressure to low pressure, the liquid which is the pump which allows to capture the energy of the lower pressure and pump at higher pressure into the chamber which is towards the inner part of the system; as they can be mounted in double chambers or triple chambers in a way that only pumps are placed in the cylindrical parts, the other part which can be excluded the spherical is left in order to install pieces or samples.

The invention provides an elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED because when the fluid is admitted to any chamber coming from a pump as mentioned in claim 1, the liquid is guided incoming tube to the motor of the pump but it does not enter the pump until the pressure has been increased in the chamber, this pressure being higher than Pi, a predetermined value which is captured by the captor of pressure differential CDP, and it operates the VIM motor admission valve opening it and the VEM motor admission valve is closed so that once motor is filled up, this is detected by stop of the extension of the pump which closes the in or admission VIM pump of the motor and it opens the valve of the VEM which is the exhaust motor valve, it starts to unload the motor towards the previous chamber; the pumps of the motor pumps actuate a simple VR valve which is located at the admission and another on the unloading towards the inner chamber.

The invention provides an elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED because when the fluid is admitted to any chamber coming from a previous pump as mentioned in claim 1, this liquid is left in the chamber which increases pressure until several pumps operate and it is higher than level Pi in a predetermined value, is a captor of pressure differential CDP is operated and the VIMI motor inlet valve is closed the outlet VEM valve of the motor opens and it starts to empty when this point is reached it empties it captures a stop indicator of the pump and it closes the outlet valve of the motor VEM, if the VIMI admission valve opens and is dragged by the spring which is installed between the motor and the pump, the pumps of motor pumps actuated by a simple retention valve VR which is located in the admission and another which is located inside the inner chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a multichamber pressure system that does not employ the pressure increasing system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a multichamber pressure system with pumps consisting of interconnected bellows.

FIG. 3 shows a multichamber pressure increasing system having a pressure increasing system between each of the chambers.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a multichamber pressure increasing system having a pressure increasing system between each of the chambers.

FIG. 5 shows a multichamber pressure system, with each chamber having a double compartment.

FIG. 6 shows a partial section view of a first cylindrically-shaped chamber of the multichamber pressure increasing system, illustrating the applied forces.

FIG. 7 shows a partial section view of a second cylindrically-shaped chamber of the multichamber pressure increasing system, disponed within the first cylindrically-shaped chamber, and illustrating the applied forces.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A separate presentation will be made of:

-   1. Concentric chambers to withstand ultra high pressure. -   2. Method for the generation of high pressure by elemental pump     iteration. -   3. Alternative method for the generation of high pressure by     iteration. -   4. Double concentric chambers.     Concentric Chambers to Withstand Ultra High Pressure.

An intuitive example will be given first, by using balloons, then it is demonstrated that a steel chamber can withstand much more pressure than the maximum traction tension withstood by steel.

It can be appreciated what happens with a balloon inside another balloon, and said balloon inside another and so on. A balloon is inflated up to 3 liters. The balloon pressure is 2.0 psi. If it is inflated some more it can burst, because lets assume its resistance is 2.5 psi. If the pressure is increased in 2.0 psi in the environment where its placed, the balloon is reduced in size.

The above allows the admission of more air into the balloon so that the original three liters can be recovered. Again lets assume that the environment pressure where the balloon is increased in 2.0 psi. The size of the balloon again reduces in size. This allows the admission of more air into the balloon so that it initially recovers the initial 3 liters. This way we arrive to the conclusion that the balloon can withstand 50.0 psi that its size is 3 liters while the environment pressure is 48 psi.

Another larger balloon is provided, and the original balloon is placed inside this new balloon. Air is pumped into the original balloon so that the pressure inside is 48 psi. The pressure outside is 46.0 psi, because the balloon we added is inflated with 2.0 psi additionally to those in between. Then we place another balloon and another until we have finally an environmental atmospheric pressure at 2.0 psi and inside another balloon inflated up to an additional 2.0 psi or 4.0 psi. Another balloon which will be located inside with additional 2.0 psi and another balloon and so on so we finally have the last balloon with 50 psi.

In summary we have a balloon system that without having any balloon which resists 50 psi because it resists 2.5 psi. But if it resists the 50 psi as a protection the other balloons stand 2.5 psi.

If instead of balloons these were recipients or vials or steel chambers until we have 20 or 30 chambers, they can stand up to 30,000 kg/cm² or more.

FIG. 1 describes the multichamber system without the pressure increasing system. This is a simple multichamber, one chamber inside another, inside another and so on successively. The chambers can have small holes or windows, which are not shown.

Recipients or chambers of a cylindrical shape are provided as shown in FIG. 1, with semispherical bottom. If the chambers were spherical they would withstand more pressure. The end diameter of the chamber is slightly lower to the internal diameter of the chamber which is located immediately towards the outer portion so it can be placed on top.

In the diagram where the strains are shown, the width or depth is unitary. The material is steel, its traction resistance S is 3,000 kg/cm² and the thickness of the walls, typically thin, is 1/10 the diameter of the cylinder or less.

In the first chamber 1 shown in FIG. 6:

-   P0: External pressure nil, -   P1: Pressure it withstands -   D1: External diameter -   S: Wall tension     P1×0.8×D1=P0×D1+2×0.1×D1

Chamber 2, which is located inside chamber 1 is shown in FIG. 7 and has an external diameter which is slightly smaller than that of chamber 1. For the purposes of the calculations it will be considered as it has the same size.

The pressure in the second chamber is: P2×0.8×D2=P1×D2+S×0,2×D2 P2=0.25/0.8×S+0.25×S; P2=0.5625×S

Pressure P2 was obtained with a piston located inside chamber 1. No it will be demonstrated that the pressure from chamber 1 to chamber 2 can be increase. The resistance of the chamber can be observed. The only limit will be that the pressure that can be generated by a piston obtainable inside a chamber is limited to 0.8×S plus the pressure in the chamber.

Also the internal diameter of chamber 2 is lightly higher that the external diameter of chamber 3, for the calculation effects this will be considered the same as chamber 2. Then; P3×0.8×D3=0.5625×S×D3+S×0.2×D3 P3=0.5625/0.8×S+0,25×S; P3=0,953×S The same way we have; P4=1.44×S with D4=0.8**3×D1 P5=2.05×S with D5=0.8**4×D1 P6=2.81×S with D6=0.8**5×D1

If the same methodology is applied on and on we have P7 would be 3.7×S.

The difference in the pressure with the previous chamber would be 0.96×S which is higher than the 0.8×S which is the set limit. Then in the following chambers they will be set at a known pressure difference which is the same as 0.8×S and what will be adjusted is the thickness of the walls of the chamber. This will be reduced until the tension of the walls is the same as the other this is same as S. If the previous rules are kept and the walls of the chambers are of a thickness the same as 0.1×D, they would be at a tension which is lower than S and if the inside diameter is reduced not necessarily. Then; P7=3.61×S P8=4.41×S . . . Pn=(4.41+(n−8)×0.8)×S

If n=20 we have that P20=13×S=39,000 kg/cm², this is much more that the resistance of steel. It has been demonstrated then, that a multichamber or a steel chamber supports without inconvenience a pressure which is much higher that the traction the steel supports, only if said chamber is enclosed inside another chamber which is at the same time enclosed inside an external chamber and so on, until we arrive to the last chamber which supports “normal pressures”.

Method for the Generation of High Pressure by Iteration of Elemental Pumps.

We will now demonstrate that there are methods, which can generate pressure, over pressure, over pressure and so on.

See FIG. 2 which shows a multichamber where the pumps are interconnected bellows. Its a schematic drawing in order to describe the pumps.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 explain the chambers, we have a multichamber and between each pair of chambers a pressure pumping and elevation system.

See FIG. 3 which illustrates a more real multichamber, where the cylinders are interconnected in an analogous to the bellows way, similar to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows a pressure increasing system. A multichamber which includes the pressure increasing system between each one of the chambers.

Obtaining pressure by iteration of elemental pumps is a new principle, by this system any pressure can be obtained by iteration. Given pressure P1, which can be obtained with a pump, the system generates conditions so that the environment which has pressure P1, with a new “motor” and “pump”, P2 pressures are obtained which are higher than P1 and is placed in a new recipient or vial. Once the vial 2 has attained pressure P2, the operation is repeated with a new pump which will fill vial 3. The operation is repeated as many times as desired. It has to be considered that a vial within another vial, within another vial and so on, can stand any pressure, and they are not limited by the resistance of the material with which they have been built.

In more detail, we will consider a pump made with a piston which pumps liquid at atmospheric pressure, which contains other smaller chambers inside them, with piston pump systems, valves, etc. The liquid passes through an admission valve, called VIM motor intake valve: if pressure P is lower or the same to a predetermined pressure P1, the liquid goes into the interior of the chamber, outside the pistons of the pump 1; if the pressure is higher to P1, the liquid goes into chamber 1, into the inside of the pump 1.

At the start there is no pressure so P is smaller than P1 and the liquid flows into chamber 1, out of pump 1. But after several pumping the pressure in chamber 1 reaches P1 and the liquido flows towards the motor piston of the pump 1 because the inlet valve of the motor VIM is open by the action of the pressure differential capture CDP (A). When the power piston starts to expand because of the liquid proceeding from the pump, so does the pump piston which is attached to the motor piston. So that the pump piston expands, it takes the liquid from the chamber through a retention valve RV.

When the pistons fill up the power piston had taken some liquid from the pump outside or from the pump located in the front chamber and the pump piston has taken liquid from the chamber were it is located, this piston must unload, so that the power piston has an evacuation valve or outlet valve for the motor, VEM, that when it fill up it opens and uloads the liquid towards the environment at a nil pressure. It acts with the separation distance of the pistons, when it reaches a maximum it closes the outlet valve of the VEM motor.

The pump piston is now in a condition to pump the liquid at a higher pressure

When the pressure is lower than P2, which is another preestablished value, is not enough, and for this reason the whole process comes to a stop.

Back to chamber 1, we have that the pressure was reduced to a value slightly lower than P1 which had already unloaded both pistons, the power piston was unloaded towards the outside and at a pressure which is nil level and the other pump piston was unloaded into chamber 2. In this way another pump command is given by the external pump which this way exits the power piston located in the outside so the pressure is slightly lower to P1. An additional pumping in this way pressure P1 is recovered and will be pumped into the inside of the power piston 1 so to move the piston of pump 1 obtaining this way another pump in this stage which passes to chamber 2.

After repeating the process, we have pressure P1 in chamber 1 and pressure P2 in chamber 2. An additional pumping will then go to chamber 3 which is located inside of chamber 2 and the cycle will be repeated as many times as needed to recover the pressure in chamber 2 and in chamber 1, until we have pressure level P3, which is another predetermined value in chamber 3.

Acting this way, with the chambers, pistons and valves until completing chamber n, we arrive to a pressure level called Pn. With the chambers made of the adequate material with the pumps in setter Pn pressures can be reached, which has no limits these can go up to 20,000 or 50,000 kg/cm² and even more.

After submitting a part, piece or sample to pressure it is necessary to remove the pressure. On the cover there is a relief valve so that when it is operated no handling can be done without first reliving the pressure from the chamber. With this system, the chamber is relieved and all chambers the most external ones are relieved pressure through the safety valves of the most inner chambers start to empty the pressure or relief the pressure so when all the chambers are relieved the relative pressure in the chamber is more inside and it tends to increase and for this reason they start to evacuate. An electrical system, which can be operated from the outside can be designed to control the above pressure.

The following is the equipment:

The VIM valve which is the motor ignition valve: this valve operates acting as an intake valve for the liquid coming from the pump of the previous chamber (directly from the exterior if it is in the first stage) and it unloads in the chamber outside the cylinder, if the pressure is lower to the preestablished value or inside the motor cylinder if the pressure is the same or higher to the preestablished value. This valve acts with a captor of the pressure difference CDP between the chamber and the previous chamber and it is adjusted so that the liquid is guided to the motor if it reaches the preestablished value.

The CDP captor of pressure differential (A): This captor operates with the deformation experimented by the walls of the chambers when the pressure is admitted. The higher the pressure, the higher the deformation. This captor consists basically of a long rod which is located inside the chamber with a fixed end at the chamber and a free end at the other side.

By pressure difference between the chamber and the outside, the chamber is deformed displacing the free end operating this way the VIM valve which is fixed to the edge of the chamber.

The VEM the outlet motor valve: this valve allows to unload the motor. When the piston reaches its maximum; it has a stop which operates the valve allowing to discharge towards the previous chamber. When a minimum is reached, another stop closes the valve and allows again the chamber to be filled up.

Discharge valve or safety valve VDS: this valve operates only if the captor of pressure differential between the chamber and the previous chamber, reaches a deformation of the chamber which is of an important level. A thin rod is placed inside the chamber, so that its free end reaches the chamber and the other end, operates a retention valve fixed to the chamber, but this only if the deformation of the chamber is high enough, then said valve is operated.

VRS simple retention valve: it is a valve that allows the liquids to pass only in one way. When the liquid is admitted to the pump and it is unloaded and admitted into the chamber, then there is a simple retention valve VRS. So it never allows that there is more pressure in the chamber than in the outside of the chamber.

Pump: two pistons and two cylinders joined rigidly in a way that when the piston moves in its cylinder, the other piston also has to move inside the cylinder. Each one goes into each chamber.

Outlet cylinder rod: this is a rod which is mounted in a cylinder located on the pump. It is operated and stopped together with the outlet valves of the VEM motor, this rod is fixed on the other end of the cylinder.

Alternative Methods to Generate High Pressure by Iteration.

There are alternative methods to increase the pressure by iteration. We will describe an additional method.

FIG. 4, which is similar to FIG. 3, a system, which has a liquid admission to the chamber, disconnected from the cylinder. It comprises a spring to make the pump to extend.

FIG. 4 shows the pressure increasing system. A multichamber with a pressure increasing system located between each pair of chambers. Note that each pump has its spring and the load of the motor is not connected with the entrance of the liquid to the chamber.

In FIG. 4, external pump starts, pumping liquid into chamber 1, which is the one located in the outer part of the system, the biggest which contains al the other chambers up to P1, and continues delivering pumping stages to chamber 1 but this has no importance to increase the pressure it is the pressure which is already higher to P1 which starts to actuate also pump 1 which is located on chamber 1, which is fed, motor and pump from the liquid which is contained in chamber 1, which unloads the motor towards the front chamber and towards the outer part of the chamber, and the pump of chamber 2, which is located more from the inner part of the system. Note that the admission of the motor of the pump 1 is not connected to the pump which comes from the front chamber or the pump which is located outside the chambers.

Pump number 1 is started. It is filled up because of its natural position, because it has a spring which is compressed between the cylinder and which makes the motor and the cylinder which makes the pump. This operates the pump 1 because the captor of pressure differential CDP has been operated, the outlet valve VEM motor is opened and the VIMI admission motor valve is closed.

The pump starts to empty and the motor, this is pump number 1 starts to empty up to a point where the outlet motor valve VEM, at the same time the valve closes VIMI admission motor valve is operated by which it captures at the end the displacement which takes the captor to the top of the pump CTM and is starts the pump, also the pump is again filled up. Because is now operated by its spring and it starts to fill motor and pump. Waiting until the pressure differential capture CDP actuates again.

The VIMI motor admission valves are closed by the I CDP action and are open by the effect of a rod. The VEM actuates, it opens according the CDP and it closes by effect of the rod.

As pump 1 starts to discharge, the pressure in chamber 2 starts to increase. After several pumpings they will reach a P2 level, another preestablished value. In the same way in the inner chambers the pumps are loaded with liquid which is within the chamber, when it reaches a determined pressure difference with the previous chamber and the pressure starts to increase in the chamber which follows.

The VRS simple retention valve, the unloading valve 0 of the safety valve which is located within each chamber act by themselves when the conditions of the pressure are given. In a way, these conditions are given when pressure increases in any chamber, liquid I also admitted into the chambers which are more to the inner section of the system without being possible that a chamber which is more to the inner section of the system has a lower pressure inside of it.

A variant of the construction of the pistons and cylinders is that is two cylinders rigidly united to those two pistons rigidly united or alternatively, the pistons of the motor are built rigidly united to the cylinder of the pump and the cylinder of the motor rigidly connected to the piston of the pump. Depending on which is chosen, we will always have the spring compressed or always elongated.

Equipment

Pump springs: the equipment is almost the same as the one previously described, being the only new element which comes up as the spring between the pump. This can be mounted in a different way according to the construction of the pumps. This spring is located between two cylinders of the pump, it extends or compresses in a way in which the pump has to keep open with the pistons in a filled up position, if this is not an actuating force. Or if it will be maintained empty in the natural position.

VIMI motor inlet valve: this valve is connected to be closed when the captor of pressure differential CDP actuates among the chamber and the previous chamber.

The CDP Captor of pressure differential (A): This captor operates with the deformation that the walls of the chamber experiment upon receiving pressure. The higher the pressure higher the deformation. This captor consists basically of a long rod inside the chamber which one end fixed to the chamber and the other end is free. By pressure difference among the chamber and the outer part of the chamber, the chamber is deformed displacing the free end acting the VIM valve which is located at the edge of the chamber.

CTM (B) pump captor with stops: In this case it carries the captor with piston stops. When the pump reaches the external stops it operates to open or close the valve.

VEM motor intake valve: this valve allows the discharge of the motor. When the piston reaches its maximum position a stop operates the valve allowing the discharge towards the previous chamber. When a minimum is reached another stop is closed and closes the valve and allows the filling of the chamber again.

VDS safety discharge valve: this valve is operated only if the pressure differential capture actuates between chamber and the previous chamber, it can deform the chamber enough. A thin rod is located inside of the chamber in a way that the fixed end is fixed on the chamber and the other end operates a retention valve, fixed to the chamber, only if the deformation of the chamber is enough high it operates the VDS.

VRS simple retention valve: is a valve that allows liquids to pass only in one way. In the inlet of the liquid to pump of the motor pump, in the unloading and in the admission to the chamber there is a simple retention valve VRS. Is it that it never allows that there is more pressure in the chamber than in the exterior of the system.

Motor pumps: two pistons and two cylinders rigidly joined in a way that when one piston moves in its cylinder the other also has to move in its cylinder. Each one is located in each chamber.

Cylinder external rod: this is a rod which is located in a motor pump cylinder. It operates or stops the admission valves of the motor VEM, which are fixed on the other cylinder.

Double Concentric Chambers

A version which does not need to the whole system to be taken apart putting pressure to open and mount parts is a double door but better yet if it is a double chamber. Let us place a spherical multichamber which does not need to have a pressure system, because it is communicated with a cylindrical multichamber that has a pressure increasing system. In this way, the spherical multichamber is only used to locate the compressing system parts. See FIG. 5.

The spherical multichamber results that the same diameters of the cylindrical multichamber have much more resistance. Or allow much more internal diameter that those pieces of higher diameter would admit.

FIG. 5 shows a multichamber with double compartment, one is to locate the pressure increasing system and the other is to locate parts. Note that the compartment to locate the parts is preferentially spherical and does not have spaces between the chambers. 

1. An elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED in that the pump actuates with the liquid of the chamber where it is stored and the motor lets the previous chamber escape generating or liberating energy of the liquid which passes from high pressure to low pressure, the liquid which is the pump which allows to capture the energy of the lower pressure and pump at higher pressure into the chamber which is towards the inner part of the system; as they can be mounted in double chambers or triple chambers in a way that only pumps are placed in the cylindrical parts, the other part which can be excluded the spherical is left in order to install pieces or samples.
 2. An elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED because when the fluid is admitted to any chamber coming from a pump as mentioned in claim 1, the liquid is guided incoming tube to the motor of the pump but it does not enter the pump until the pressure has been increased in the chamber, this pressure being higher than Pi, a predetermined value which is captured by the captor of pressure differential CDP, and it operates the VIM motor admission valve opening it and the VEM motor admission valve is closed so that once motor is filled up, this is detected by stop of the extension of the pump which closes the in or admission VIM pump of the motor and it opens the valve of the VEM which is the exhaust motor valve, it starts to unload the motor towards the previous chamber; the pumps of the motor pumps actuate a simple VR valve which is located at the admission and another on the unloading towards the inner chamber.
 3. An elemental hydraulic pumps, made by two pistons and two cylinders joined together or a piston and cylinder in a way that they open or close simultaneously, mounted on a pump on each chamber having several concentric chambers, CHARACTERIZED because when the fluid is admitted to any chamber coming from a previous pump as mentioned in claim 1, this liquid is left in the chamber which increases pressure until several pumps operate and it is higher than level Pi in a predetermined value, is a captor of pressure differential CDP is operated and the VIMI motor inlet valve is closed the outlet VEM valve of the motor opens and it starts to empty when this point is reached it empties it captures a stop indicator of the pump and it closes the outlet valve of the motor VEM, if the VIMI admission valve opens and is dragged by the spring which is installed between the motor and the pump, the pumps of motor pumps actuated by a simple retention valve VR which is located in the admission and another which is located inside the inner chamber. 